Internal Revenue Code · 26 U.S.C.
§ 45Y. Clean electricity production credit
Official text, no changes From the Office of the Law Revision Counsel, release point 119-121 (current through Public Law 119-121 (October 9, 2026)). Compare it with the official text at uscode.house.gov (external site).
Cite as 26 U.S.C. § 45Y
At a glance
Read from the text, the source credit and the official notes. Not part of the law.
- Status
- In force
- Added
- August 16, 2022 by Pub. L. 117–169
- Last amended
- July 4, 2025 by Pub. L. 119–21
- Amendments
- 1 dated changes in the source credit
- Length
- 8 subsections · 3,679 words · about 16 min to read
- Defines
- 14 terms
- Cross-references
- cites 11; cited by 7 Code sections and 7 other regulations
- Regulations
- 6 issued under this section
For purposes of this section, a facility shall only be treated as a qualified facility during the 10-year period beginning on the date the facility was originally placed in service.
The term “qualified facility” shall not include any facility for which a credit determined under section 45, 45J, 45Q, 45U, 48, 48A, or 48E is allowed under section 38 for the taxable year or any prior taxable year.
The term “qualified facility” shall not include any facility for which construction begins after December 31, 2025, if the construction of such facility includes any material assistance from a prohibited foreign entity (as defined in section 7701(a)(52)).
For purposes of this section, the term “greenhouse gas emissions rate” means the amount of greenhouse gases emitted into the atmosphere by a facility in the production of electricity, expressed as grams of CO2e per KWh.
In the case of a facility which produces electricity through combustion or gasification, the greenhouse gas emissions rate for such facility shall be equal to the net rate of greenhouse gases emitted into the atmosphere by such facility (taking into account lifecycle greenhouse gas emissions, as described in section 211(o)(1)(H) of the Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. 7545(o)(1)(H))) in the production of electricity, expressed as grams of CO2e per KWh.
The Secretary shall annually publish a table that sets forth the greenhouse gas emissions rates for types or categories of facilities, which a taxpayer shall use for purposes of this section.
In the case of any facility for which an emissions rate has not been established by the Secretary, a taxpayer which owns such facility may file a petition with the Secretary for determination of the emissions rate with respect to such facility.
For purposes of clause (i), in determining greenhouse gas emissions rates for types or categories of facilities for the purpose of determining whether a facility satisfies the requirements under paragraph (1), the Secretary shall consider studies published on or before the date of enactment of this clause which demonstrate a net lifecycle greenhouse gas emissions rate which is not greater than zero using widely accepted lifecycle assessment concepts, such as concepts described in standards developed by the International Organization for Standardization.
In the case of a calendar year beginning after 2024, the 0.3 cent amount in paragraph (2)(A) of subsection (a) and the 1.5 cent amount in paragraph (2)(B) of such subsection shall each be adjusted by multiplying such amount by the inflation adjustment factor for the calendar year in which the sale, consumption, or storage of the electricity occurs. If the 0.3 cent amount as increased under this paragraph is not a multiple of 0.05 cent, such amount shall be rounded to the nearest multiple of 0.05 cent. If the 1.5 cent amount as increased under this paragraph is not a multiple of 0.1 cent, such amount shall be rounded to the nearest multiple of 0.1 cent.
The Secretary shall, not later than April 1 of each calendar year, determine and publish in the Federal Register the inflation adjustment factor for such calendar year in accordance with this subsection.
The term “inflation adjustment factor” means, with respect to a calendar year, a fraction the numerator of which is the GDP implicit price deflator for the preceding calendar year and the denominator of which is the GDP implicit price deflator for the calendar year 1992. The term “GDP implicit price deflator” means the most recent revision of the implicit price deflator for the gross domestic product as computed and published by the Department of Commerce before March 15 of the calendar year.
For purposes of this subsection, the term “applicable year” means calendar year 2032.
This section shall not apply with respect to any applicable facility placed in service after December 31, 2027.
The term “CO2e per KWh” means, with respect to any greenhouse gas, the equivalent carbon dioxide (as determined based on global warming potential) per kilowatt hour of electricity produced.
The term “greenhouse gas” has the same meaning given such term under section 211(o)(1)(G) of the Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. 7545(o)(1)(G)), as in effect on the date of the enactment of this section.
Not later than January 1, 2025, the Secretary shall issue guidance regarding implementation of this section, including calculation of greenhouse gas emission rates for qualified facilities and determination of clean electricity production credits under this section.
For purposes of this paragraph, the term “combined heat and power system property” has the same meaning given such term by section 48(c)(3) (without regard to subparagraphs (A)(iv), (B), and (D) thereof).
For purposes of this subparagraph, the term “heat rate” means the amount of energy used by the qualified facility to generate 1 kilowatt hour of electricity, expressed as British thermal units per net kilowatt hour generated.
In the case of a qualified facility in which more than 1 person has an ownership interest, except to the extent provided in regulations prescribed by the Secretary, production from the facility shall be allocated among such persons in proportion to their respective ownership interests in the gross sales from such facility.
Persons shall be treated as related to each other if such persons would be treated as a single employer under the regulations prescribed under section 52(b). In the case of a corporation which is a member of an affiliated group of corporations filing a consolidated return, such corporation shall be treated as selling electricity to an unrelated person if such electricity is sold to such a person by another member of such group.
Under regulations prescribed by the Secretary, rules similar to the rules of subsection (d) of section 52 shall apply.
In the case of an eligible cooperative organization, any portion of the credit determined under subsection (a) for the taxable year may, at the election of the organization, be apportioned among patrons of the organization on the basis of the amount of business done by the patrons during the taxable year.
An election under clause (i) for any taxable year shall be made on a timely filed return for such year. Such election, once made, shall be irrevocable for such taxable year. Such election shall not take effect unless the organization designates the apportionment as such in a written notice mailed to its patrons during the payment period described in section 1382(d).
For purposes of this section, the term “eligible cooperative” means a cooperative organization described in section 1381(a) which is owned more than 50 percent by agricultural producers or by entities owned by agricultural producers. For this purpose an entity owned by an agricultural producer is one that is more than 50 percent owned by agricultural producers.
In the case of any qualified facility which is located in an energy community (as defined in section 45(b)(11)(B)), for purposes of determining the amount of the credit under subsection (a) with respect to any electricity produced by the taxpayer at such facility during the taxable year, the applicable amount under paragraph (2) of such subsection shall be increased by an amount equal to 10 percent of the amount otherwise in effect under such paragraph.
Rules similar to the rules of section 45(b)(3) shall apply.
In the case of any qualified facility which satisfies the requirement under subparagraph (B)(i), the amount of the credit determined under subsection (a) shall be increased by an amount equal to 10 percent of the amount so determined (as determined without application of paragraph (7)).
The requirement described in this subclause is satisfied with respect to any qualified facility if the taxpayer certifies to the Secretary (at such time, and in such form and manner, as the Secretary may prescribe) that any steel, iron, or manufactured product which is a component of such facility (upon completion of construction) was produced in the United States (as determined under section 661 of title 49, Code of Federal Regulations).
In the case of steel or iron, clause (i) shall be applied in a manner consistent with section 661.5 of title 49, Code of Federal Regulations.
For purposes of clause (i), the manufactured products which are components of a qualified facility upon completion of construction shall be deemed to have been produced in the United States if not less than the adjusted percentage (as determined under subparagraph (C)) of the total costs of all such manufactured products of such facility are attributable to manufactured products (including components) which are mined, produced, or manufactured in the United States.
In any case in which the Secretary provides an exception pursuant to clause (i), the applicable percentage shall be 100 percent.
In the case of a taxpayer for which section 7701(a)(51)(D)(i)(II) is determined to apply for any taxable year, no credit shall be determined under subsection (a) for such taxable year if such determination relates to a qualified facility described in subsection (b)(1).
No credit shall be determined under this section with respect to any production of electricity during the taxable year with respect to property described in paragraph (1) or (4) of section 25D(d) (as applied by substituting “lessee” for “taxpayer”) if the taxpayer rents or leases such property to a third party during such taxable year.
(Added Pub. L. 117–169, title I, § 13701(a), Aug. 16, 2022, 136 Stat. 1982; amended Pub. L. 119–21, title VII, § 70512(a), (b), (d), (e), (g), July 4, 2025, 139 Stat. 252, 253, 266, 267.)
Terms defined here
Where the text says “the term … means”. Select a term to jump to its definition.
- applicable facility § 45Y(d)(4)(B)
- applicable year § 45Y(d)(3)
- combined heat and power system property § 45Y(g)(2)(B)
- eligible cooperative § 45Y(g)(6)(D)
- GDP implicit price deflator § 45Y(c)(3)
- greenhouse gas § 45Y(e)(2)
- greenhouse gas emissions rate § 45Y(b)(2)(A)
- heat rate § 45Y(g)(2)(C)(ii)
- inflation adjustment factor § 45Y(c)(3)
- qualified carbon dioxide § 45Y(e)(3)
- qualified facility § 45Y(b)(1)(A)
- qualified facility § 45Y(b)(1)(C)
- qualified facility § 45Y(b)(1)(E)
- qualified facility § 45Y(b)(1)(E)
Regulations under this section
Treasury regulations (26 CFR) issued under § 45Y
- § 1.45Y-0 Table of contents.
- § 1.45Y-1 Clean electricity production credit.
- § 1.45Y-2 Qualified facility for purposes of section 45Y.
- § 1.45Y-3 Rules relating to the increased credit amount for prevailing wage and apprenticeship.
- § 1.45Y-4 Rules of general application.
- § 1.45Y-5 Greenhouse gas emissions rates for qualified facilities under section 45Y.
Cross-references
Computed from the citations in the text of Title 26 and 26 CFR.
This section cites 11 other sections
- § 38 General business credit
- § 45 Electricity produced from certain renewable resources, etc.
- § 7701(a)(52) Definitions
- § 211 Allowance of deductions
- § 638(1) Continental shelf areas
- § 48(c)(3) Energy credit
- § 52(b) Special rules
- § 1382(d) Taxable income of cooperatives
- § 1381(a) Organizations to which part applies
- § 6417 Elective payment of applicable credits
- § 25D(d) Residential clean energy credit
Cited by 7 Code sections
- § 38(b)(39) General business credit
- § 45Z(c)(2) Clean fuel production credit
- § 48E(b)(3)(B)(i) Clean electricity investment credit
- § 168(e)(3)(B)(viii) Accelerated cost recovery system
- § 6417(b)(8) Elective payment of applicable credits
- § 6418(f)(1)(A)(vii) Transfer of certain credits
- § 7701(a)(51)(I)(v)(I) Definitions
Cited in 7 regulations not issued under it
- § 1.48E-2 Qualified investments in qualified facilities and EST for purposes of section 48E.
- § 1.48E-5 Greenhouse gas emissions rates for qualified facilities under section 48E.
- § 1.48E(h)-1 Clean Electricity Low-Income Communities Bonus Credit Amount Program.
- § 1.6417-1 Elective payment election of applicable credits.
- § 1.6417-2 Rules for making elective payment elections.
- § 1.6418-1 Transfer of eligible credits.
- § 1.6418-2 Rules for making transfer elections.
Amendment history
From the source credit and the official notes, newest first.
Where it sits in the Code
- Subtitle A Income Taxes
- Chapter 1 NORMAL TAXES AND SURTAXES
- Subchapter A Determination of Tax Liability
- Part IV CREDITS AGAINST TAX
- Subpart D Business Related Credits
Nearby sections
- § 45U Zero-emission nuclear power production credit
- § 45V Credit for production of clean hydrogen
- § 45W Credit for qualified commercial clean vehicles
- § 45X Advanced manufacturing production credit
- § 45Y Clean electricity production credit
- § 45Z Clean fuel production credit
- § 45AA Military spouse retirement plan eligibility credit for small employers
Official notes
Show the Law Revision Counsel's notes (amendments, effective dates)
Editorial Notes
References in Text
The date of enactment of this clause, referred to in subsec. (b)(2)(C)(iii), is the date of enactment of Pub. L. 119–21, which was approved July 4, 2025.
The date of the enactment of this section, referred to in subsec. (e)(2), is the date of enactment of Pub. L. 117–169, which was approved Aug. 16, 2022.
Amendments
2025—Subsec. (b)(1)(D). Pub. L. 119–21, § 70512(g)(2), added subpar. (D). Former subpar. (D) redesignated (E) relating to coordination with other credits.
Subsec. (b)(1)(E). Pub. L. 119–21, § 70512(g)(1), redesignated subpar. (D) as (E) relating to coordination with other credits.
Pub. L. 119–21, § 70512(b)(1), added subpar. (E) relating to material assistance from prohibited foreign entities.
Subsec. (b)(2)(C)(iii). Pub. L. 119–21, § 70512(e), added cl. (iii).
Subsec. (d)(1). Pub. L. 119–21, § 70512(a)(1), substituted “Subject to paragraph (4), the amount of” for “The amount of” in introductory provisions.
Subsec. (d)(3), (4). Pub. L. 119–21, § 70512(a)(2), added pars. (3) and (4) and struck out former par. (3). Prior to amendment, text of par. (3) read as follows: “For purposes of this subsection, the term ‘applicable year’ means the later of—
“(A) the calendar year in which the Secretary determines that the annual greenhouse gas emissions from the production of electricity in the United States are equal to or less than 25 percent of the annual greenhouse gas emissions from the production of electricity in the United States for calendar year 2022, or
“(B) 2032.”
Subsec. (g)(13). Pub. L. 119–21, § 70512(b)(2), added par. (13).
Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 119–21, § 70512(d), added subsec. (h).
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
Effective Date of 2025 Amendment
Amendment by Pub. L. 119–21 applicable to taxable years beginning after July 4, 2025, except that amendment by section 70512(a) of Pub. L. 119–21 applicable to facilities the construction of which begins after the date which is 12 months after July 4, 2025, and amendment by section 70512(b)(1) of Pub. L. 119–21 applicable to facilities for which construction begins after Dec. 31, 2025, see section 70512(l)(1), (2), (4) of Pub. L. 119–21, set out in a note under section 45 of this title.
Effective Date
Pub. L. 117–169, title I, § 13701(c), Aug. 16, 2022, 136 Stat. 1990, provided that: “The amendments made by this section [enacting this section and amending section 38 of this title] shall apply to facilities placed in service after December 31, 2024.”
Executive Documents
Ex. Ord. No. 14315. Ending Market Distorting Subsidies for Unreliable, Foreign-Controlled Energy Sources
Ex. Ord. No. 14315, July 7, 2025, 90 F.R. 30821, provided:
By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the laws of the United States of America, it is hereby ordered:
Section 1. Purpose. For too long, the Federal Government has forced American taxpayers to subsidize expensive and unreliable energy sources like wind and solar. The proliferation of these projects displaces affordable, reliable, dispatchable domestic energy sources, compromises our electric grid, and denigrates the beauty of our Nation’s natural landscape. Moreover, reliance on so-called “green” subsidies threatens national security by making the United States dependent on supply chains controlled by foreign adversaries. Ending the massive cost of taxpayer handouts to unreliable energy sources is vital to energy dominance, national security, economic growth, and the fiscal health of the Nation.
Sec. 2. Policy. It is the policy of the United States to:
(a) rapidly eliminate the market distortions and costs imposed on taxpayers by so-called “green” energy subsidies;
(b) build upon and strengthen the repeal of, and modifications to, wind, solar, and other “green” energy tax credits in the One Big Beautiful Bill Act [Pub. L. 119–21; see Tables for classification]; and
(c) end taxpayer support for unaffordable and unreliable “green” energy sources and supply chains built in, and controlled by, foreign adversaries.
Sec. 3. Tax Credits and One Big Beautiful Bill Act Implementation by the Department of the Treasury. (a) Within 45 days following enactment of the One Big Beautiful Bill Act [July 4, 2025], the Secretary of the Treasury shall take all action as the Secretary of the Treasury deems necessary and appropriate to strictly enforce the termination of the clean electricity production and investment tax credits under sections 45Y and 48E of the Internal Revenue Code for wind and solar facilities. This includes issuing new and revised guidance as the Secretary of the Treasury deems appropriate and consistent with applicable law to ensure that policies concerning the “beginning of construction” are not circumvented, including by preventing the artificial acceleration or manipulation of eligibility and by restricting the use of broad safe harbors unless a substantial portion of a subject facility has been built.
(b) Within 45 days following enactment of the One Big Beautiful Bill Act, the Secretary of the Treasury shall take prompt action as the Secretary of the Treasury deems appropriate and consistent with applicable law to implement the enhanced Foreign Entity of Concern restrictions in the One Big Beautiful Bill Act.
Sec. 4. One Big Beautiful Bill Act Implementation by the Department of the Interior. (a) Within 45 days following enactment of the One Big Beautiful Bill Act, the Secretary of the Interior shall conduct a review of regulations, guidance, policies, and practices under the Department of the Interior’s jurisdiction to determine whether any provide preferential treatment to wind and solar facilities in comparison to dispatchable energy sources. The Secretary of the Interior shall then revise any identified regulations, guidance, policies, and practices as appropriate and consistent with applicable law to eliminate any such preferences for wind and solar facilities.
Sec. 5. Reports. Within 45 days of the date of this order [July 7, 2025], the Secretary of the Treasury and the Secretary of the Interior shall submit a report to the President, through the Assistant to the President for Economic Policy, the findings made under, and actions taken and planned to be taken to implement, this order.
Sec. 6. General Provisions. (a) Nothing in this order shall be construed to impair or otherwise affect:
(i) the authority granted by law to an executive department or agency, or the head thereof; or
(ii) the functions of the Director of the Office of Management and Budget relating to budgetary, administrative, or legislative proposals.
(b) This order shall be implemented consistent with applicable law and subject to the availability of appropriations.
(c) This order is not intended to, and does not, create any right or benefit, substantive or procedural, enforceable at law or in equity by any party against the United States, its departments, agencies, or entities, its officers, employees, or agents, or any other person.
(d) The costs for publication of this order shall be borne by the Department of the Treasury.