Internal Revenue Code · 26 U.S.C.
§ 168. Accelerated cost recovery system
Official text, no changes From the Office of the Law Revision Counsel, release point 119-121 (current through Public Law 119-121 (October 9, 2026)). Compare it with the official text at uscode.house.gov (external site).
Cite as 26 U.S.C. § 168
At a glance
Read from the text, the source credit and the official notes. Not part of the law.
- Status
- In force
- Added
- August 13, 1981 by Pub. L. 97–34
- Last amended
- July 4, 2025 by Pub. L. 119–21
- Amendments
- 42 dated changes in the source credit
- Length
- 14 subsections · 15,253 words · about 66 min to read
- Defines
- 81 terms
- Cross-references
- cites 31; cited by 44 Code sections and 94 other regulations
- Regulations
- 19 issued under this section
An election under paragraph (2)(D) 11 See References in Text note below. or (3)(D) may be made with respect to 1 or more classes of property for any taxable year and once made with respect to any class shall apply to all property in such class placed in service during such taxable year. Such an election, once made, shall be irrevocable.
For purposes of this section, the applicable recovery period shall be determined in accordance with the following table:
In the case of: | The applicable recovery period is: |
|---|---|
3-year property | 3 years |
5-year property | 5 years |
7-year property | 7 years |
10-year property | 10 years |
15-year property | 15 years |
20-year property | 20 years |
Water utility property | 25 years |
Residential rental property | 27.5 years |
Nonresidential real property | 39 years. |
Any railroad grading or tunnel bore | 50 years. |
Except as otherwise provided in this subsection, the applicable convention is the half-year convention.
The half-year convention is a convention which treats all property placed in service during any taxable year (or disposed of during any taxable year) as placed in service (or disposed of) on the mid-point of such taxable year.
The mid-month convention is a convention which treats all property placed in service during any month (or disposed of during any month) as placed in service (or disposed of) on the mid-point of such month.
The mid-quarter convention is a convention which treats all property placed in service during any quarter of a taxable year (or disposed of during any quarter of a taxable year) as placed in service (or disposed of) on the mid-point of such quarter.
Except as otherwise provided in this subsection, property shall be classified under the following table:
Property shall be treated as: | If such property has a class life (in years) of: |
|---|---|
3-year property | 4 or less |
5-year property | More than 4 but less than 10 |
7-year property | 10 or more but less than 16 |
10-year property | 16 or more but less than 20 |
15-year property | 20 or more but less than 25 |
20-year property | 25 or more. |
The term “residential rental property” means any building or structure if 80 percent or more of the gross rental income from such building or structure for the taxable year is rental income from dwelling units.
The term “20-year property” means initial clearing and grading land improvements with respect to any electric utility transmission and distribution plant.
The term “railroad grading or tunnel bore” means all improvements resulting from excavations (including tunneling), construction of embankments, clearings, diversions of roads and streams, sodding of slopes, and from similar work necessary to provide, construct, reconstruct, alter, protect, improve, replace, or restore a roadbed or right-of-way for railroad track.
The term “qualified improvement property” means any improvement made by the taxpayer to an interior portion of a building which is nonresidential real property if such improvement is placed in service after the date such building was first placed in service.
Any works which result from the fixation of a series of musical, spoken, or other sounds, regardless of the nature of the material (such as discs, tapes, or other phonorecordings) in which such sounds are embodied.
In the case of any property to which this section would apply but for this paragraph, the depreciation deduction under section 167 shall be determined under the provisions of this section as in effect before the amendments made by section 201 of the Tax Reform Act of 1986.
In the case of: | The recovery period shall be: |
|---|---|
(i) Property not described in clause (ii) or (iii) | The class life. |
(ii) Personal property with no class life | 12 years. |
(iii) Residential rental property | 30 years |
(iv) Nonresidential real property | 40 years |
(v) Any railroad grading or tunnel bore or water utility property | 50 years |
In the case of any tax-exempt use property subject to a lease, the recovery period used for purposes of paragraph (2) shall (notwithstanding any other subparagraph of this paragraph) in no event be less than 125 percent of the lease term.
For purposes of paragraph (2), in the case of property described in any of the following subparagraphs of subsection (e)(3), the class life shall be determined as follows:
If property is described in subparagraph: | The class life is: |
|---|---|
(A)(iii) | 4 |
(B)(ii) | 5 |
(B)(iii) | 9.5 |
(B)(vii) | 10 |
(C)(i) | 10 |
(C)(iii) | 22 |
(C)(iv) | 14 |
(D)(i) | 15 |
(D)(ii) | 20 |
(E)(i) | 24 |
(E)(ii) | 24 |
(E)(iii) | 20 |
(E)(iv) | 20 |
(E)(v) | 30 |
(E)(vi) | 35 |
(E)(vii) | 20 |
(F) | 25 |
|
|
In the case of any qualified technological equipment, the recovery period used for purposes of paragraph (2) shall be 5 years.
In the case of any automobile or light general purpose truck, the recovery period used for purposes of paragraph (2) shall be 5 years.
In the case of any section 1245 property which is real property with no class life, the recovery period used for purposes of paragraph (2) shall be 40 years.
Except as otherwise provided in this paragraph, the term “tax-exempt bond financed property” means any property to the extent such property is financed (directly or indirectly) by an obligation the interest on which is exempt from tax under section 103(a).
For purposes of subparagraph (A), the proceeds of any obligation shall be treated as used to finance property acquired in connection with the issuance of such obligation in the order in which such property is placed in service.
The term “tax-exempt bond financed property” shall not include any qualified residential rental project (within the meaning of section 142(a)(7)).
If the taxpayer makes an election under this paragraph with respect to any class of property for any taxable year, the alternative depreciation system under this subsection shall apply to all property in such class placed in service during such taxable year. Notwithstanding the preceding sentence, in the case of nonresidential real property or residential rental property, such election may be made separately with respect to each property.
The property described in this paragraph shall consist of any nonresidential real property, residential rental property, and qualified improvement property held by an electing real property trade or business (as defined in 163(j)(7)(B)).
Except as otherwise provided in this subsection, the term “tax-exempt use property” means that portion of any tangible property (other than nonresidential real property) leased to a tax-exempt entity.
In the case of nonresidential real property, the term “tax-exempt use property” means that portion of the property leased to a tax-exempt entity in a disqualified lease.
Clause (i) shall apply to any property only if the portion of such property leased to tax-exempt entities in disqualified leases is more than 35 percent of the property.
For purposes of this subparagraph, improvements to a property (other than land) shall not be treated as a separate property.
Subclause (IV) of clause (ii) shall not apply to any property which is leased within 3 months after the date such property is first used by the tax-exempt entity (or a related entity).
Property shall not be treated as tax-exempt use property merely by reason of a short-term lease.
The term “tax-exempt use property” shall not include any portion of a property if such portion is predominantly used by the tax-exempt entity (directly or through a partnership of which such entity is a partner) in an unrelated trade or business the income of which is subject to tax under section 511. For purposes of subparagraph (B)(iii), any portion of a property so used shall not be treated as leased to a tax-exempt entity in a disqualified lease.
For purposes of this paragraph, the term “nonresidential real property” includes residential rental property.
For purposes of this subsection, an organization shall be treated as an organization described in subparagraph (A)(ii) with respect to any property (other than property held by such organization) if such organization was an organization (other than a cooperative described in section 521) exempt from tax imposed by this chapter at any time during the 5-year period ending on the date such property was first used by such organization. The preceding sentence and subparagraph (D)(ii) shall not apply to the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation.
In the case of an organization formerly exempt from tax under section 501(a) as an organization described in section 501(c)(12), clause (i) shall not apply to such organization with respect to any property if such organization elects not to be exempt from tax under section 501(a) during the tax-exempt use period with respect to such property.
For purposes of subclause (I), the term “tax-exempt use period” means the period beginning with the taxable year in which the property described in subclause (I) is first used by the organization and ending with the close of the 15th taxable year following the last taxable year of the applicable recovery period of such property.
Any organization which is engaged in activities substantially similar to those engaged in by a predecessor organization shall succeed to the treatment under this subparagraph of such predecessor organization.
For purposes of this section, the term “tax-exempt use property” shall not include any qualified technological equipment if the lease to the tax-exempt entity has a lease term of 5 years or less. Notwithstanding subsection (i)(3)(A)(i), in determining a lease term for purposes of the preceding sentence, there shall not be taken into account any option of the lessee to renew at the fair market value rent determined at the time of renewal; except that the aggregate period not taken into account by reason of this sentence shall not exceed 24 months.
Subclause (II) of clause (i) shall not apply to any property which is leased within 3 months after the date such property is first used by the tax-exempt entity (or a related entity).
In the case of any property which is leased to a partnership, the determination of whether any portion of such property is tax-exempt use property shall be made by treating each tax-exempt entity partner’s proportionate share (determined under paragraph (6)(C)) of such property as being leased to such partner.
Rules similar to the rules of subparagraph (A) shall also apply in the case of any pass-thru entity other than a partnership and in the case of tiered partnerships and other entities.
Unless it is otherwise established to the satisfaction of the Secretary, it shall be presumed that the partners of a foreign partnership (and the beneficiaries of any other foreign pass-thru entity) are persons who are not United States persons.
For purposes of subparagraph (A), a tax-exempt entity’s proportionate share of any property owned by a partnership shall be determined on the basis of such entity’s share of partnership items of income or gain (excluding gain allocated under section 704(c)), whichever results in the largest proportionate share.
For purposes of clause (i), if a tax-exempt entity’s share of partnership items of income or gain (excluding gain allocated under section 704(c)) may vary during the period such entity is a partner in the partnership, such share shall be the highest share such entity may receive.
For purposes of this subsection, in the case of any property which is owned by a partnership which has both a tax-exempt entity and a person who is not a tax-exempt entity as partners, the determination of whether such property is used in an unrelated trade or business of such an entity shall be made without regard to section 514.
Rules similar to the rules of subparagraphs (A), (B), (C), and (D) shall also apply in the case of any pass-thru entity other than a partnership and in the case of tiered partnerships and other entities.
For purposes of this paragraph and paragraph (5), except as otherwise provided in this subparagraph, any tax-exempt controlled entity shall be treated as a tax-exempt entity.
The term “tax-exempt controlled entity” means any corporation (which is not a tax-exempt entity determined without regard to this subparagraph and paragraph (2)(E)) if 50 percent or more (in value) of the stock in such corporation is held by 1 or more tax-exempt entities (other than a foreign person or entity).
For purposes of subclause (I), in the case of a corporation the stock of which is publicly traded on an established securities market, stock held by a tax-exempt entity shall not be taken into account unless such entity holds at least 5 percent (in value) of the stock in such corporation. For purposes of this subclause, related entities (within the meaning of paragraph (4)) shall be treated as 1 entity.
For purposes of this clause, a tax-exempt entity shall be treated as holding stock which it holds through application of section 318 (determined without regard to the 50-percent limitation contained in subsection (a)(2)(C) thereof).
For purposes of this subsection, the term “lease” includes any grant of a right to use property.
The Secretary shall prescribe such regulations as may be necessary or appropriate to carry out the purposes of this subsection.
Except as provided in this section, the term “class life” means the class life (if any) which would be applicable with respect to any property as of January 1, 1986, under subsection (m) of section 167 (determined without regard to paragraph (4) and as if the taxpayer had made an election under such subsection). The Secretary, through an office established in the Treasury, shall monitor and analyze actual experience with respect to all depreciable assets. The reference in this paragraph to subsection (m) of section 167 shall be treated as a reference to such subsection as in effect on the day before the date of the enactment of the Revenue Reconciliation Act of 1990.
The term “related peripheral equipment” means any auxiliary machine (whether on-line or off-line) which is designed to be placed under the control of the central processing unit of a computer.
For purposes of this paragraph, the term “high technology medical equipment” means any electronic, electromechanical, or computer-based high technology equipment used in the screening, monitoring, observation, diagnosis, or treatment of patients in a laboratory, medical, or hospital environment.
For purposes of clause (i) of subparagraph (A), in the case of nonresidential real property or residential rental property, there shall not be taken into account any option to renew at fair market value, determined at the time of renewal.
Under regulations, a taxpayer may maintain 1 or more general asset accounts for any property to which this section applies. Except as provided in regulations, all proceeds realized on any disposition of property in a general asset account shall be included in income as ordinary income.
The Secretary shall, by regulations, provide for the method of determining the deduction allowable under section 167(a) with respect to any tangible property for any taxable year (and the succeeding taxable years) during which such property changes status under this section but continues to be held by the same person.
In the case of any property transferred in a transaction described in subparagraph (B), the transferee shall be treated as the transferor for purposes of computing the depreciation deduction determined under this section with respect to so much of the basis in the hands of the transferee as does not exceed the adjusted basis in the hands of the transferor. In any case where this section as in effect before the amendments made by section 201 of the Tax Reform Act of 1986 applied to the property in the hands of the transferor, the reference in the preceding sentence to this section shall be treated as a reference to this section as so in effect.
In the case of any building erected (or improvements made) on leased property, if such building or improvement is property to which this section applies, the depreciation deduction shall be determined under the provisions of this section.
For treatment of qualified long-term real property constructed or improved in connection with cash or rent reduction from lessor to lessee, see section 110(b).
One way in which the requirements of subparagraph (A) are not met is if the taxpayer, for ratemaking purposes, uses a procedure or adjustment which is inconsistent with the requirements of subparagraph (A).
The procedures and adjustments which are to be treated as inconsistent for purposes of clause (i) shall include any procedure or adjustment for ratemaking purposes which uses an estimate or projection of the taxpayer’s tax expense, depreciation expense, or reserve for deferred taxes under subparagraph (A)(ii) unless such estimate or projection is also used, for ratemaking purposes, with respect to the other 2 such items and with respect to the rate base.
The Secretary may by regulations prescribe procedures and adjustments (in addition to those specified in clause (ii)) which are to be treated as inconsistent for purposes of clause (i).
In the case of any public utility property to which this section does not apply by reason of subsection (f)(2), the allowance for depreciation under section 167(a) shall be an amount computed using the method and period referred to in subparagraph (A)(i).
The term “research and experimentation” has the same meaning as the term research and experimental has under section 174.
The terms “section 1245 property” and “section 1250 property” have the meanings given such terms by sections 1245(a)(3) and 1250(c), respectively.
The term “qualified rent-to-own property” means property held by a rent-to-own dealer for purposes of being subject to a rent-to-own contract.
The term “rent-to-own dealer” means a person that, in the ordinary course of business, regularly enters into rent-to-own contracts with customers for the use of consumer property, if a substantial portion of those contracts terminate and the property is returned to such person before the receipt of all payments required to transfer ownership of the property from such person to the customer.
The term “consumer property” means tangible personal property of a type generally used within the home for personal use.
Such term shall not include any transportation equipment, administrative services assets, warehouses, administrative buildings, hotels, or motels.
Such term shall not include any property placed in service after December 31, 2025.
For purposes of paragraph (1)—
In the case of: | The applicable recovery period is: |
|---|---|
3-year property | 2 years |
5-year property | 3 years |
7-year property | 4 years |
10-year property | 6 years |
15-year property | 9 years |
20-year property | 12 years |
Nonresidential real property | 22 years. |
For purposes of determining alternative minimum taxable income under section 55, the deduction under subsection (a) for qualified Indian reservation property shall be determined under this section without regard to any adjustment under section 56.
Subparagraph (A)(ii) shall not apply to qualified infrastructure property located outside of the Indian reservation if the purpose of such property is to connect with qualified infrastructure property located within the Indian reservation.
For purposes of this subsection, the rental to others of real property located within an Indian reservation shall be treated as the active conduct of a trade or business within an Indian reservation.
Any reference in this subsection to a provision not contained in this title shall be treated for purposes of this subsection as a reference to such provision as in effect on the date of the enactment of this paragraph.
If a taxpayer makes an election under this paragraph with respect to any class of property for any taxable year, paragraph (1) shall not apply to all property in such class placed in service during such taxable year. Such election, once made, shall be irrevocable.
This subsection shall not apply to property placed in service after December 31, 2021.
For purposes of this subparagraph, the term “transportation property” means tangible personal property used in the trade or business of transporting persons or property.
This subparagraph shall not apply to any property which is described in subparagraph (C).
In the case of a passenger automobile (as defined in section 280F(d)(5)) which is qualified property, the Secretary shall increase the limitation under section 280F(a)(1)(A)(i) by $8,000.
The deduction allowable under paragraph (1) shall be taken into account in computing any recapture amount under section 280F(b)(2).
For purposes of determining alternative minimum taxable income under section 55, the deduction under section 167 for qualified property shall be determined without regard to any adjustment under section 56.
An election under this paragraph may be revoked only with the consent of the Secretary.
If this paragraph applies to any specified plant, such specified plant shall not be treated as qualified property in the taxable year in which placed in service.
Rules similar to the rules of paragraph (2)(G) shall apply for purposes of this paragraph.
If a taxpayer makes an election under this paragraph with respect to any class of property for any taxable year, paragraphs (1) and (2)(F) shall not apply to any qualified property in such class placed in service during such taxable year. An election under this paragraph may be revoked only with the consent of the Secretary.
In the case of any specified plant planted or grafted by the taxpayer during the first taxable year ending after January 19, 2025, if the taxpayer elects to have this paragraph apply for such taxable year, paragraph (5)(A)(i) shall be applied by substituting “40 percent” for “100 percent”.
Any election under this paragraph shall be made at such time and in such form and manner as the Secretary may prescribe.
Such term shall not include any property any portion of which is financed with the proceeds of any obligation the interest on which is exempt from tax under section 103.
If a taxpayer makes an election under this subparagraph with respect to any class of property for any taxable year, this subsection shall not apply to all property in such class placed in service during such taxable year.
For purposes of this subsection, rules similar to the rules under section 179(d)(10) shall apply with respect to any qualified second generation biofuel plant property which ceases to be qualified second generation biofuel plant property.
Paragraph (1) shall not apply to any qualified second generation biofuel plant property with respect to which an election has been made under section 179C (relating to election to expense certain refineries).
The term “qualified reuse and recycling property” shall not include any property to which the alternative depreciation system under subsection (g) applies, determined without regard to paragraph (7) of subsection (g) (relating to election to have system apply).
If a taxpayer makes an election under this clause with respect to any class of property for any taxable year, this subsection shall not apply to all property in such class placed in service during such taxable year.
In the case of a taxpayer manufacturing, constructing, or producing property for the taxpayer’s own use, the requirements of clause (iv) of subparagraph (A) shall be treated as met if the taxpayer begins manufacturing, constructing, or producing the property after August 31, 2008.
For purposes of determining alternative minimum taxable income under section 55, the deduction under subsection (a) for qualified reuse and recycling property shall be determined under this section without regard to any adjustment under section 56.
The term “reuse and recycling property” means any machinery and equipment (not including buildings or real estate), along with all appurtenances thereto, including software necessary to operate such equipment, which is used exclusively to collect, distribute, or recycle qualified reuse and recyclable materials.
Such term does not include rolling stock or other equipment used to transport reuse and recyclable materials.
The term “qualified reuse and recyclable materials” means scrap plastic, scrap glass, scrap textiles, scrap rubber, scrap packaging, recovered fiber, scrap ferrous and nonferrous metals, or electronic scrap generated by an individual or business.
The term “recycling” or “recycle” means that process (including sorting) by which worn or superfluous materials are manufactured or processed into specification grade commodities that are suitable for use as a replacement or substitute for virgin materials in manufacturing tangible consumer and commercial products, including packaging.
The term “qualified production property” shall not include that portion of any nonresidential real property which is used for offices, administrative services, lodging, parking, sales activities, research activities, software development or engineering activities, or other functions unrelated to the manufacturing, production, or refining of tangible personal property.
The term “qualified production activity” means the manufacturing, production, or refining of a qualified product. The activities of any taxpayer do not constitute manufacturing, production, or refining of a qualified product unless the activities of such taxpayer result in a substantial transformation of the property comprising the product.
The term “production” shall not include activities other than agricultural production and chemical production.
The term “qualified product” means any tangible personal property if such property is not a food or beverage prepared in the same building as a retail establishment in which such property is sold.
For purposes of subparagraph (A)(iv), rules similar to the rules of subsection (k)(2)(E)(iii) shall apply.
The Secretary may extend the date under subparagraph (A)(vii) with respect to any property that meets the requirements of clauses (i) through (vi) of subparagraph (A) if the Secretary determines that an act of God (as defined in section 101(1) of the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980) prevents the taxpayer from placing such property in service before such date.
For purposes of determining alternative minimum taxable income under section 55, the deduction under section 167 for qualified production property shall be determined under this section without regard to any adjustment under section 56.
The term “qualified production property” shall not include any property to which the alternative depreciation system under subsection (g) applies. For purposes of subsection (g)(7)(A), qualified production property to which this subsection applies shall be treated as separate nonresidential real property.
Any election made under this subsection, and any specification contained in any such election, may not be revoked except with the consent of the Secretary (and the Secretary shall provide such consent only in extraordinary circumstances).
(Added Pub. L. 97–34, title II, § 201(a), Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 203; amended Pub. L. 97–248, title II, §§ 206, 208(a)(1), (2)(A), (b), 209(a), (b), 216(a), 224(c)(1), (2), Sept. 3, 1982, 96 Stat. 431, 432, 435, 442, 445, 470, 489; Pub. L. 97–354, § 5(a)(19), (20), Oct. 19, 1982, 96 Stat. 1693, 1694; Pub. L. 97–424, title V, § 541(a)(1), Jan. 6, 1983, 96 Stat. 2192; Pub. L. 97–448, title I, § 102(a)(1)–(5), (8)–(10)(A), (f)(4), Jan. 12, 1983, 96 Stat. 2367, 2368, 2371; Pub. L. 98–369, div. A, title I, §§ 12(a)(3), 31(a), (d), 32(a), 111(a)–(e)(4), (9), 113(a)(2), (b)(1), (2)(A), title IV, § 474(r)(7), title VI, §§ 612(e)(4), (5), 628(b), July 18, 1984, 98 Stat. 503, 509, 518, 530, 631–633, 636, 637, 840, 912, 931; Pub. L. 99–121, title I, § 103(a), (b)(1)(A), (2)–(4), Oct. 11, 1985, 99 Stat. 509; Pub. L. 99–514, title II, § 201(a), title XVIII, §§ 1802(a)(1)–(2)(E)(i), (G), (3), (4)(A), (B), (7), (b)(1), 1809(a)(1)–(2)(C)(i), (4)(A), (B), (b)(1), (2), Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2121, 2786–2789, 2791, 2818–2821; Pub. L. 100–647, title I, §§ 1002(a)(5)–(8), (11), (16)(B), (21), (23)(A), (i)(2)(A)–(G), 1018(b)(2), title VI, §§ 6027(a), (b), 6028(a), 6029(a)–(c), 6253, Nov. 10, 1988, 102 Stat. 3353–3356, 3370, 3371, 3577, 3693, 3694, 3753; Pub. L. 101–239, title VII, § 7816(e), (f), (w), Dec. 19, 1989, 103 Stat. 2421, 2423; Pub. L. 101–508, title XI, §§ 11801(c)(8)(B), 11812(b)(2), 11813(b)(9), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1388–524, 1388–534, 1388–552; Pub. L. 103–66, title XIII, §§ 13151(a), 13321(a), Aug. 10, 1993, 107 Stat. 448, 558; Pub. L. 104–88, title III, § 304(a), Dec. 29, 1995, 109 Stat. 943; Pub. L. 104–188, title I, §§ 1120(a), (b), 1121(a), 1613(b)(1)–(4), 1702(h)(1), 1704(t)(54), Aug. 20, 1996, 110 Stat. 1765, 1766, 1850, 1873, 1890; Pub. L. 105–34, title X, § 1086(b), title XII, § 1213(c), title XVI, § 1604(c)(1), Aug. 5, 1997, 111 Stat. 957, 1001, 1097; Pub. L. 105–206, title VI, § 6006(b), July 22, 1998, 112 Stat. 806; Pub. L. 107–147, title I, § 101(a), title VI, § 613(b), Mar. 9, 2002, 116 Stat. 22, 61; Pub. L. 108–27, title II, § 201(a)–(c)(1), May 28, 2003, 117 Stat. 756, 757; Pub. L. 108–311, title III, § 316, title IV, §§ 403(a), 408(a)(6), (8), Oct. 4, 2004, 118 Stat. 1181, 1186, 1191; Pub. L. 108–357, title II, § 211(a)–(e), title III, §§ 336(a), (b), 337(a), title VII, §§ 704(a), (b), 706(a)–(c), title VIII, §§ 847(a), (c)–(e), 901(a)–(c), Oct. 22, 2004, 118 Stat. 1429, 1430, 1479, 1480, 1548–1550, 1601, 1602, 1650; Pub. L. 109–58, title XIII, §§ 1301(f)(5), 1308(a), (b), 1325(a), (b), 1326(a)–(c), Aug. 8, 2005, 119 Stat. 990, 1006, 1016, 1017; Pub. L. 109–135, title IV, §§ 403(j), 405(a)(1), 410(a), 412(s), Dec. 21, 2005, 119 Stat. 2625, 2634, 2636, 2638; Pub. L. 109–432, div. A, title I, §§ 112(a), 113(a), title II, § 209(a), Dec. 20, 2006, 120 Stat. 2940, 2946; Pub. L. 110–172, § 11(b)(1), Dec. 29, 2007, 121 Stat. 2488; Pub. L. 110–185, title I, § 103(a)–(c)(7), (11), (12), Feb. 13, 2008, 122 Stat. 618, 619; Pub. L. 110–234, title XV, § 15344(a), May 22, 2008, 122 Stat. 1520; Pub. L. 110–246, § 4(a), title XV, § 15344(a), June 18, 2008, 122 Stat. 1664, 2282; Pub. L. 110–289, div. C, title III, § 3081(a), July 30, 2008, 122 Stat. 2903; Pub. L. 110–343, div. B, title II, § 201(a), (b), title III, §§ 306(a)–(c), 308(a), div. C, title III, §§ 305(a)(1), (b)(1), (c)(1)–(4), 315(a), 317(a), title V, § 505(a), (b), title VII, § 710(a), Oct. 3, 2008, 122 Stat. 3832, 3848, 3849, 3867, 3868, 3872, 3873, 3879, 3926; Pub. L. 111–5, div. B, title I, § 1201(a)(1), (2)(A)–(D), (3)(A), (b)(1), Feb. 17, 2009, 123 Stat. 333, 334; Pub. L. 111–240, title II, § 2022(a)–(b)(5), Sept. 27, 2010, 124 Stat. 2558; Pub. L. 111–312, title IV, § 401(a)–(d)(5), title VII, §§ 737(a)–(b)(2), 738(a), 739(a), Dec. 17, 2010, 124 Stat. 3304–3306, 3318, 3319; Pub. L. 112–240, title III, §§ 311(a), 312(a), 313(a), 331(a), (c)–(e)(3), title IV, § 410(a)(1), (b)(1), (2), Jan. 2, 2013, 126 Stat. 2330, 2335–2337, 2342, 2343; Pub. L. 113–295, div. A, title I, §§ 121(a), 122(a), 123(a), 124(a), 125(a), (c)–(d)(3), 157(a), title II, §§ 202(e), 210(c), (d), (g)(2), 211(b), 212(b), 214(b), Dec. 19, 2014, 128 Stat. 4015–4017, 4022, 4024, 4031–4034; Pub. L. 114–113, div. Q, title I, §§ 123(a), (b), 143(a)(1), (3), (4), (b)(1)–(6)(G), (J), 165(a), 166(a), 167(a), (b), 189(a), Dec. 18, 2015, 129 Stat. 3052, 3056–3064, 3067, 3075; Pub. L. 115–97, title I, §§ 12001(b)(13), 13201(a), (b)(1), (2)(B)–(g), 13203(a), (b), 13204(a), 13205(a), 13504(b)(1), Dec. 22, 2017, 131 Stat. 2094, 2105–2109, 2111, 2142; Pub. L. 115–123, div. D, title I, §§ 40304(a), 40305(a), 40306(a), 40412(a), Feb. 9, 2018, 132 Stat. 146, 151; Pub. L. 115–141, div. U, title I, § 101(d)(1), (2), (e), title III, § 302(a), title IV, § 401(a)(49), (50), (b)(13)(A), (d)(1)(D)(iv), Mar. 23, 2018, 132 Stat. 1160, 1161, 1184, 1186, 1202, 1207; Pub. L. 116–94, div. Q, title I, §§ 114(a), 115(a), 116(a), 130(a), Dec. 20, 2019, 133 Stat. 3229, 3232; Pub. L. 116–136, div. A, title II, § 2307(a), Mar. 27, 2020, 134 Stat. 359; Pub. L. 116–260, div. EE, title I, §§ 115(a), 137(a), 138(a), Dec. 27, 2020, 134 Stat. 3050, 3053, 3054; Pub. L. 117–169, title I, § 13703(a), Aug. 16, 2022, 136 Stat. 1997; Pub. L. 119–21, title VII, §§ 70301(a)(1)–(5)(C), (b), 70307(a), 70434(g), 70509(a), July 4, 2025, 139 Stat. 188, 189, 198, 245, 251.)
Terms defined here
Where the text says “the term … means”. Select a term to jump to its definition.
- 10-year property § 168(e)(3)(D)
- 15-year property § 168(e)(3)(E)
- 20-year property § 168(e)(3)(F)
- 3-year property § 168(e)(3)(A)
- 5-year property § 168(e)(3)(B)
- 7-year property § 168(e)(3)(C)
- Alaska natural gas pipeline § 168(i)(16)
- class life § 168(i)(1)
- computer § 168(i)(2)(B)(ii)
- computer or peripheral equipment § 168(i)(2)(B)(i)
- computer or peripheral equipment § 168(i)(2)(B)(iv)
- consumer property § 168(i)(14)(C)
- disqualified lease § 168(h)(1)(B)(ii)
- dwelling unit § 168(e)(2)(A)(ii)(I)
- electronic scrap § 168(m)(3)(B)(ii)
- foreign person or entity § 168(h)(2)(C)
- high technology medical equipment § 168(i)(2)(C)
- imported property § 168(g)(6)(B)
- Indian reservation § 168(j)(6)
- lease § 168(h)(7)
- livestock § 168(i)(13)(B)(iv)
- motorsports entertainment complex § 168(i)(15)(A)
- natural gas gathering line § 168(i)(17)
- nonresidential real property § 168(e)(2)(B)
- nonresidential real property § 168(h)(1)(E)
- northern portion of the Western Hemisphere § 168(g)(4)(L)
- production § 168(n)(2)(E)
- public utility property § 168(i)(10)
- qualified allocation § 168(h)(6)(B)
- qualified improvement property § 168(e)(6)(A)
- qualified Indian reservation property § 168(j)(4)(A)
- qualified Indian reservation property § 168(j)(4)(B)
- qualified infrastructure property § 168(j)(4)(C)(ii)
- qualified product § 168(n)(2)(F)
- qualified production activity § 168(n)(2)(D)
- qualified production property § 168(n)(2)(A)
- qualified production property § 168(n)(2)(C)
- qualified production property § 168(n)(4)(B)
- qualified property § 168(k)(2)(A)
- qualified property § 168(k)(2)(B)(i)
- qualified property § 168(k)(2)(C)
- qualified property § 168(k)(2)(D)
- qualified property § 168(k)(9)
- qualified rent-to-own property § 168(i)(14)(A)
- qualified reuse and recyclable materials § 168(m)(3)(B)(i)
- qualified reuse and recycling property § 168(m)(2)(A)
- qualified reuse and recycling property § 168(m)(2)(B)(i)
- qualified reuse and recycling property § 168(m)(2)(B)(ii)
- qualified second generation biofuel plant property § 168(l)(2)
- qualified smart electric grid system § 168(i)(19)(A)
- qualified smart electric meter § 168(i)(18)(A)
- qualified technological equipment § 168(h)(3)(B)(i)
- qualified technological equipment § 168(i)(2)(A)
- railroad grading or tunnel bore § 168(e)(4)
- recycle § 168(m)(3)(C)
- recycling § 168(m)(3)(C)
- related peripheral equipment § 168(i)(2)(B)(iii)
- rent-to-own contract § 168(i)(14)(D)
- rent-to-own dealer § 168(i)(14)(B)
- research and experimentation § 168(i)(11)
- residential rental property § 168(e)(2)(A)(i)
- reuse and recycling property § 168(m)(3)(A)(i)
- short-term lease § 168(h)(1)(C)(ii)
- single purpose agricultural or horticultural structure § 168(i)(13)(A)
- single purpose horticultural structure § 168(i)(13)(B)(ii)
- single purpose livestock structure § 168(i)(13)(B)(i)
- smart electric meter § 168(i)(18)(B)
- smart grid property § 168(i)(19)(B)
- specified plant § 168(k)(5)(B)
- tax-exempt bond financed property § 168(g)(5)(A)
- tax-exempt bond financed property § 168(g)(5)(C)
- tax-exempt controlled entity § 168(h)(6)(F)(iii)(I)
- tax-exempt entity § 168(h)(2)(A)
- tax-exempt use period § 168(h)(2)(E)(ii)(II)
- tax-exempt use property § 168(h)(1)(A)
- tax-exempt use property § 168(h)(1)(B)(i)
- tax-exempt use property § 168(h)(1)(D)
- tax-exempt use property § 168(h)(3)(A)
- transportation property § 168(k)(2)(B)(ii)
- United States § 168(g)(6)(B)(ii)
- water utility property § 168(e)(5)
Regulations under this section
Treasury regulations (26 CFR) issued under § 168
- § 1.168-5 Special rules.
- § 1.168(a)-1 Modified accelerated cost recovery system.
- § 1.168(b)-1 Definitions.
- § 1.168(d)-0 Table of contents for the applicable convention rules.
- § 1.168(d)-1 Applicable conventions—half-year and mid-quarter conventions.
- § 1.168(h)-1 Like-kind exchanges involving tax-exempt use property.
- § 1.168(i)-0 Table of contents for the general asset account rules.
- § 1.168(i)-1 General asset accounts.
- § 1.168(i)-2 Lease term.
- § 1.168(i)-3 Treatment of excess deferred income tax reserve upon disposition of deregulated public utility property.
- § 1.168(i)-4 Changes in use.
- § 1.168(i)-5 Table of contents.
- § 1.168(i)-6 Like-kind exchanges and involuntary conversions.
- § 1.168(i)-7 Accounting for MACRS property.
- § 1.168(i)-8 Dispositions of MACRS property.
- § 1.168(j)-1T Questions and answers concerning tax-exempt entity leasing rules (temporary).
- § 1.168(k)-0 Table of contents.
- § 1.168(k)-1 Additional first year depreciation deduction.
- § 1.168(k)-2 Additional first year depreciation deduction for property acquired and placed in service after September 27, 2017.
From our articles, not part of the law
Articles that cite this section
Cross-references
Computed from the citations in the text of Title 26 and 26 CFR.
This section cites 31 other sections
- § 167(a) Depreciation
- § 1250 Gain from dispositions of certain depreciable realty
- § 1245 Gain from dispositions of certain depreciable property
- § 48 Energy credit
- § 263A(e)(4) Capitalization and inclusion in inventory costs of certain expenses
- § 45Y(b)(1)(A) Clean electricity production credit
- § 48E Clean electricity investment credit
- § 163(j)(7)(C) Interest
- § 7701(a)(30) Definitions
- § 931 Income from sources within Guam, American Samoa, or the Northern Mariana Islands
- § 103(a) Interest on State and local bonds
- § 142(a)(7) Exempt facility bond
- § 511 Imposition of tax on unrelated business income of charitable, etc., organizations
- § 521 Exemption of farmers’ cooperatives from tax
- § 951 Amounts included in gross income of United States shareholders
- § 501(a) Exemption from tax on corporations, certain trusts, etc.
- § 704(b)(2) Partner’s distributive share
- § 514 Unrelated debt-financed income
- § 318 Constructive ownership of stock
- § 332 Complete liquidations of subsidiaries
- § 110(b) Qualified lessee construction allowances for short-term leases
- § 174 Amortization of research and experimental expenditures
- § 55 Alternative minimum tax imposed
- § 56 Adjustments in computing alternative minimum taxable income
Show 7 more
- § 465(b)(3)(C) Deductions limited to amount at risk
- § 280F(b) Limitation on depreciation for luxury automobiles; limitation where certain property used for personal purposes
- § 181 Treatment of certain qualified productions
- § 179(d) Election to expense certain depreciable business assets
- § 40(b)(6)(E) Alcohol, etc., used as fuel
- § 179C Election to expense certain refineries
- § 954(d) Foreign base company income
Cited by 44 Code sections
- § 43(c)(5)(A) Enhanced oil recovery credit
- § 45A(c)(7) Indian employment credit
- § 45W(d)(2) Credit for qualified commercial clean vehicles
- § 47(c)(2)(A)(i) Rehabilitation credit
- § 50(b)(1)(B) Other special rules
- § 56(a)(1)(A)(i) Adjustments in computing alternative minimum taxable income
- § 56A(c)(13)(A)(i) Adjusted financial statement income
- § 110(b) Qualified lessee construction allowances for short-term leases
- § 142(b)(1)(B)(ii) Exempt facility bond
- § 163(j)(13)(A) Interest
- § 167(b) Depreciation
- § 179(d)(1)(A)(i) Election to expense certain depreciable business assets
- § 181(d)(2)(A) Treatment of certain qualified productions
- § 197(f)(10) Amortization of goodwill and certain other intangibles
- § 199A(b)(6)(B)(ii) Qualified business income
- § 263A(c)(7) Capitalization and inclusion in inventory costs of certain expenses
- § 280F(a)(1)(B)(iv) Limitation on depreciation for luxury automobiles; limitation where certain property used for personal purposes
- § 291(c)(1) Special rules relating to corporate preference items
- § 312(k)(3)(A) Effect on earnings and profits
- § 381(c)(6) Carryovers in certain corporate acquisitions
- § 404(a)(1)(C) Deduction for contributions of an employer to an employees’ trust or annuity plan and compensation under a deferred-payment plan
- § 460(c)(6)(A) Special rules for long-term contracts
- § 467(e)(3)(B) Certain payments for the use of property or services
- § 470(c)(2)(A) Limitation on deductions allocable to property used by governments or other tax-exempt entities
Show 20 more
- § 512(b)(17)(B)(ii)(I) Unrelated business taxable income
- § 514(c)(9)(B)(vi)(II) Unrelated debt-financed income
- § 527(i)(3)(D) Political organizations
- § 529(e)(3)(A)(iii) Qualified tuition programs
- § 530(b)(3)(C) Coverdell education savings accounts
- § 860E(e)(5)(C) Treatment of income in excess of daily accruals on residual interests
- § 865(c)(3)(B) Source rules for personal property sales
- § 951A(d)(1)(A) Net CFC tested income included in gross income of United States shareholders
- § 1245(a)(3)(D) Gain from dispositions of certain depreciable property
- § 1250(b)(3) Gain from dispositions of certain depreciable realty
- § 1393(a)(4)(B) Definitions and special rules
- § 1397C(d)(2)(A) Enterprise zone business defined
- § 1397D(a)(1) Qualified zone property defined
- § 3512(b)(3) Treatment of certain persons as employers with respect to motion picture projects
- § 4052(e) Definitions and special rules
- § 6050V(d)(3)(B) Returns relating to applicable insurance contracts in which certain exempt organizations hold interests
- § 6225(c)(3) Partnership adjustment by Secretary
- § 6417(b)(6) Elective payment of applicable credits
- § 7701(e)(4)(A)(iv) Definitions
- § 7871(f)(3)(B)(ii) Indian tribal governments treated as States for certain purposes
Cited in 94 regulations not issued under it
- § 1.41-2 Qualified research expenses.
- § 1.41-5A Basic research for taxable years beginning before January 1, 1987.
- § 1.42-18 Qualified contracts.
- § 1.45D-1 New markets tax credit.
- § 1.45G-1 Railroad track maintenance credit.
- § 1.47-1 Recomputation of credit allowed by section 38.
- § 1.47-7 Rehabilitation credit allocated over a 5-year period.
- § 1.48-9 Definition of energy property.
- § 1.48-12 Qualified rehabilitated building; expenditures incurred after December 31, 1981.
- § 1.48E-2 Qualified investments in qualified facilities and EST for purposes of section 48E.
- § 1.50-1 Lessee's income inclusion following election of lessor of investment credit property to treat lessee as acquirer.
- § 1.56(g)-0 Table of Contents.
- § 1.56(g)-1 Adjusted current earnings.
- § 1.59A-3 Base erosion payments and base erosion tax benefits.
- § 1.59A-7 Application of base erosion and anti-abuse tax to partnerships.
- § 1.110-1 Qualified lessee construction allowances.
- § 1.141-1 Definitions and rules of general application.
- § 1.162-25T Deductions with respect to noncash fringe benefits (temporary).
- § 1.163(j)-1 Definitions.
- § 1.163(j)-4 General rules applicable to C corporations (including REITs, RICs, and members of consolidated groups) and tax-exempt corporations.
- § 1.163(j)-9 Elections for excepted trades or businesses; safe harbor for certain REITs.
- § 1.163(j)-10 Allocation of interest expense, interest income, and other items of expense and gross income to an excepted trade or business.
- § 1.165-2 Obsolescence of nondepreciable property.
- § 1.167(a)-4 Leased property.
Show 70 more
- § 1.167(a)-7 Accounting for depreciable property.
- § 1.167(a)-8 Retirements.
- § 1.167(a)-14 Treatment of certain intangible property excluded from section 197.
- § 1.167(e)-1 Change in method.
- § 1.168A-2 Election of amortization.
- § 1.168A-4 Definitions.
- § 1.168A-5 Adjusted basis of emergency facility.
- § 1.168A-6 Depreciation of portion of emergency facility not subject to amortization.
- § 1.168A-7 Payment by United States of unamortized cost of facility.
- § 1.169-3 Amortizable basis.
- § 1.179-1 Election to expense certain depreciable assets.
- § 1.199A-0 Table of contents.
- § 1.199A-2 Determination of W-2 wages and unadjusted basis immediately after acquisition of qualified property.
- § 1.250(b)-2 Qualified business asset investment (QBAI).
- § 1.263(a)-2 Amounts paid to acquire or produce tangible property.
- § 1.263(a)-3 Amounts paid to improve tangible property.
- § 1.263A-1 Uniform capitalization of costs.
- § 1.263A-2 Rules relating to property produced by the taxpayer.
- § 1.263A-4 Rules for property produced in a farming business.
- § 1.263A-8 Requirement to capitalize interest.
- § 1.267(a)-2T Temporary regulations; questions and answers arising under the Tax Reform Act of 1984 (temporary).
- § 1.274-10 Special rules for aircraft used for entertainment.
- § 1.280F-1T Limitations on investment tax credit and recovery deductions under section 168 for passenger automobiles and certain other listed property; overview of regulations (temporary).
- § 1.280F-2T Limitations on recovery deductions and the investment tax credit for certain passenger automobiles (temporary).
- § 1.280F-3T Limitations on recovery deductions and the investment tax credit when the business use percentage of listed property is not greater than 50 percent (temporary).
- § 1.280F-4T Special rules for listed property (temporary).
- § 1.280F-5T Leased property (temporary).
- § 1.280F-6 Special rules and definitions.
- § 1.312-15 Effect of depreciation on earnings and profits.
- § 1.338-1 General principles; status of old target and new target.
- § 1.338-7 Allocation of redetermined ADSP and AGUB among target assets.
- § 1.367(a)-4 Special rule applicable to U.S. depreciated property.
- § 1.419-1T Treatment of welfare benefit funds. (Temporary)
- § 1.446-1 General rule for methods of accounting.
- § 1.460-3 Long-term construction contracts.
- § 1.467-1 Treatment of lessors and lessees generally.
- § 1.467-3 Disqualified leasebacks and long-term agreements.
- § 1.469-2 Passive activity loss.
- § 1.642(f)-1 Amortization deductions.
- § 1.704-1 Partner's distributive share.
- § 1.704-3 Contributed property.
- § 1.734-1 Optional adjustment to basis of undistributed partnership property.
- § 1.743-1 Optional adjustment to basis of partnership property.
- § 1.861-9 Allocation and apportionment of interest expense and rules for asset-based apportionment.
- § 1.863-3 Allocation and apportionment of income from certain sales of inventory.
- § 1.936-6 Intangible property income when an election out is made: Cost sharing and profit split options; covered intangibles.
- § 1.951A-3 Qualified business asset investment.
- § 1.951A-5 Treatment of GILTI inclusion amounts.
- § 1.1001-3 Modifications of debt instruments.
- § 1.1016-3 Exhaustion, wear and tear, obsolescence, amortization, and depletion for periods since February 28, 1913.
- § 1.1238-1 Amortization in excess of depreciation.
- § 1.1239-2 Gain from sale or exchange of depreciable property between certain related taxpayers on or before October 4, 1976.
- § 1.1250-2 Additional depreciation defined.
- § 1.1254-1 Treatment of gain from disposition of natural resource recapture property.
- § 1.1400L(b)-1 Additional first year depreciation deduction for qualified New York Liberty Zone property.
- § 1.1502-13 Intercompany transactions.
- § 1.1502-68 Additional first year depreciation deduction for property acquired and placed in service after September 27, 2017.
- § 1.1502-76 Taxable year of members of group.
- § 1.1502-80 Applicability of other provisions of law.
- § 1.6031(c)-1T Nominee reporting of partnership information (temporary).
- § 1.6417-1 Elective payment election of applicable credits.
- § 1.6655-2 Annualized income installment method.
- § 1.6662-4 Substantial understatement of income tax.
- § 5c.44F-1 Leases and qualified research expenses.
- § 53.4968-2 Net investment income.
- § 301.6111-1T Questions and answers relating to tax shelter registration.
- § 301.6225-2 Modification of imputed underpayment.
- § 301.9100-7T Time and manner of making certain elections under the Tax Reform Act of 1986.
- § 301.9100-8 Time and manner of making certain elections under the Technical and Miscellaneous Revenue Act of 1988.
- § 301.9100-21 References to other temporary elections under various tax acts.
Amendment history
From the source credit and the official notes, newest first.
- Amended by Pub. L. 119–21Parts changed in 2025: (e)(3)(B)(vi) (k)(1)(A) (k)(2)(A)(i)(IV) (k)(2)(A)(i)(V) (k)(2)(A)(i)(VI) (k)(2)(A)(ii) (k)(2)(A)(iii) (k)(2)(B)(i)(II) (k)(2)(B)(ii) (k)(2)(C)(i) (k)(2)(C)(ii) (k)(2)(E) (k)(2)(H)(iii) (k)(5)(A) (k)(5)(A)(i) (k)(6) (k)(10) (n)
- Amended by Pub. L. 117–169Parts changed in 2022: (e)(3)(B)(viii)
- Amended by Pub. L. 116–260Parts changed in 2020: (e)(3)(A)(i)(I) (e)(3)(A)(i)(II) (e)(3)(E)(vii) (e)(6)(A) (g)(3)(B) (i)(15)(D) (j)(9)
- Amended by Pub. L. 116–136
- Amended by Pub. L. 116–94Parts changed in 2019: (e)(3)(A)(i)(I) (e)(3)(A)(i)(II) (i)(15)(D) (j)(9) (l)(2)(D)
- Amended by Pub. L. 115–141Parts changed in 2018: (d)(3)(B)(i) (e)(3)(A)(i)(I) (e)(3)(A)(i)(II) (e)(3)(B) (e)(3)(B)(vi)(II) (e)(3)(C)(i) (g)(4)(G) (i)(15)(D) (j)(3) (j)(8) (j)(9) (k)(2)(B)(i)(III) (k)(5)(B)(ii) (l)(2)(D) (n)
- Amended by Pub. L. 115–123
- Amended by Pub. L. 115–97Parts changed in 2017: (b)(2)(B) (b)(3)(G) (e)(3)(B)(vii) (e)(3)(E)(iv) (e)(6) (e)(7) (g)(1)(F) (g)(1)(G) (g)(2)(C)(iii) (g)(3)(B) (g)(8) (i)(7)(B) (k) (k)(1)(A) (k)(2)(A)(i)(IV) (k)(2)(A)(i)(V) (k)(2)(A)(ii) (k)(2)(A)(iii) (k)(2)(B)(i)(II) (k)(2)(B)(i)(III) (k)(2)(B)(ii) (k)(2)(E)(i) (k)(2)(E)(ii) (k)(2)(E)(iii)(I) (k)(2)(F)(iii) (k)(2)(H) (k)(3) (k)(4) (k)(5)(A) (k)(5)(A)(i) (k)(5)(F) (k)(6) (k)(8) (k)(9) (k)(10)
- Amended by Pub. L. 114–113Parts changed in 2015: (e)(3)(A)(i)(I) (e)(3)(A)(i)(II) (e)(3)(E)(iv) (e)(3)(E)(ix) (e)(6) (e)(7)(B) (e)(8)(D) (i)(15)(D) (j)(8) (j)(9) (k) (k)(2) (k)(2)(A)(iv) (k)(2)(B)(ii) (k)(3) (k)(4) (k)(4)(D)(iii)(II) (k)(4)(L) (k)(5) (k)(6) (k)(7) (l)(2)(D) (l)(3)(A) (l)(3)(B) (l)(4) (l)(5)
- Amended by Pub. L. 113–295Parts changed in 2014: (b)(5) (e)(3)(A)(i)(I) (e)(3)(A)(i)(II) (e)(3)(E)(iv) (e)(7)(B) (i)(15)(D) (i)(18)(A)(ii) (j)(8) (k) (k)(2) (k)(2)(A)(iv) (k)(2)(B)(i)(IV) (k)(2)(B)(ii) (k)(4)(C)(i) (k)(4)(D)(iii)(II) (k)(4)(E)(iv) (k)(4)(J)(iii) (k)(4)(K) (l)(2)(D) (m)(2)(B)(i) (n)(2)(C)(ii)
- Amended by Pub. L. 112–240Parts changed in 2013: (e)(3)(E)(iv) (i)(9)(A)(ii) (i)(15)(D) (j)(8) (k) (k)(2) (k)(2)(A)(iv) (k)(2)(B)(ii) (k)(4)(D)(iii)(II) (k)(4)(J) (l) (l)(2) (l)(2)(A) (l)(2)(D) (l)(3) (n)(2)(C)(ii)
- Amended by Pub. L. 111–312Parts changed in 2010: (e)(3)(E)(iv) (e)(7)(A)(i) (e)(8)(E) (i)(15)(D) (j)(8) (k) (k)(2)(A)(iii) (k)(2)(A)(iv) (k)(2)(B)(ii) (k)(2)(E)(i) (k)(4)(D)(ii) (k)(4)(D)(iii) (k)(4)(D)(iv) (k)(4)(I) (k)(5) (l)(5)(A) (l)(5)(B) (l)(5)(C) (n)(2)(C)(ii)
- Amended by Pub. L. 111–240
- Amended by Pub. L. 111–5Parts changed in 2009: (k) (k)(2)(A)(iii)(I) (k)(2)(A)(iv) (k)(2)(B)(ii) (k)(2)(E)(i) (k)(4)(D)(ii) (k)(4)(D)(iii) (k)(4)(H) (l)(5)(B) (n)(2)(C)(ii)
- Amended by Pub. L. 110–343Parts changed in 2008: (b)(2)(C) (b)(3)(I) (e)(3)(A)(i) (e)(3)(B)(vii) (e)(3)(D)(iii) (e)(3)(E)(iv) (e)(3)(E)(ix) (e)(7) (e)(8) (g)(3)(B) (i)(15)(D) (i)(18) (j)(8) (k) (k)(1)(A) (k)(2)(A)(iii)(I) (k)(2)(A)(iv) (k)(2)(B)(i)(I) (k)(2)(B)(i)(IV) (k)(2)(B)(ii) (k)(2)(C)(i) (k)(2)(D)(iii) (k)(2)(F)(i) (k)(4) (k)(4)(B)(iii) (l) (l)(2) (l)(3) (l)(4) (l)(5)(A) (l)(5)(B) (m) (n)
- Amended by Pub. L. 110–289
- Amended by Pub. L. 110–246
- Amended by Pub. L. 110–234
- Amended by Pub. L. 110–185
- Amended by Pub. L. 110–172Parts changed in 2007: (l)(3)
- Amended by Pub. L. 109–432Parts changed in 2006: (e)(3)(E)(iv) (j)(8) (l)
- Amended by Pub. L. 109–135Parts changed in 2005: (e)(3)(B)(vi)(I) (e)(3)(C)(iv) (e)(3)(E)(vii) (e)(3)(E)(viii) (g)(3)(B) (i)(15)(D) (i)(17) (k)(2)(A)(iv) (k)(4)(B)(ii) (k)(4)(B)(iii)
- Amended by Pub. L. 109–58
- Amended by Pub. L. 108–357Parts changed in 2004: (b)(2)(A) (b)(3)(G) (e)(3)(C)(ii) (e)(3)(C)(iii) (e)(3)(C)(iv) (e)(3)(E)(iv) (e)(3)(E)(vi) (e)(3)(F) (e)(6) (g)(3)(A) (g)(3)(B) (h)(2)(A) (h)(3)(A) (i)(3)(A)(ii) (i)(15) (i)(16) (j)(8) (k)(2)(A)(iv) (k)(2)(B)(i) (k)(2)(B)(iv) (k)(2)(C) (k)(2)(D) (k)(2)(D)(ii) (k)(2)(D)(ii)(I) (k)(2)(D)(iii) (k)(2)(E) (k)(2)(E)(iii)(II) (k)(2)(F) (k)(2)(G) (k)(4)(A)(ii) (k)(4)(B)(iii) (k)(4)(C) (k)(4)(D)
- Amended by Pub. L. 108–311
- Amended by Pub. L. 108–27Parts changed in 2003: (k) (k)(2)(A)(iii) (k)(2)(B)(ii) (k)(2)(C)(iii) (k)(2)(D)(i) (k)(4)
- Amended by Pub. L. 107–147Parts changed in 2002: (j)(8) (k)
- Amended by Pub. L. 105–206Parts changed in 1998: (c) (c)(2)
- Amended by Pub. L. 105–34Parts changed in 1997: (e)(3)(A)(iii) (g)(3)(B) (i)(8)(C) (i)(14) (j)(6)
- Amended by Pub. L. 104–188Parts changed in 1996: (b)(3)(F) (c)(1) (e)(3)(B) (e)(3)(B)(vi)(I) (e)(3)(B)(vi)(III) (e)(3)(E)(iii) (e)(3)(F) (e)(5) (g)(2)(C)(iv) (g)(3)(B) (g)(4)(K) (i)(8)
- Amended by Pub. L. 104–88Parts changed in 1995: (g)(4)(B)(i)
- Amended by Pub. L. 103–66Parts changed in 1993: (c)(1) (j)
- Amended by Pub. L. 101–508Parts changed in 1990: (e)(2)(A) (e)(3)(B)(vi)(I) (e)(3)(B)(vi)(II) (e)(3)(D)(i) (f)(2) (g)(4) (i)(1) (i)(7)(B)(i) (i)(9)(A)(ii) (i)(10) (i)(13)
- Amended by Pub. L. 101–239Parts changed in 1989: (b)(3)(D) (b)(5) (c)(2) (i)(1)
- Amended by Pub. L. 100–647Parts changed in 1988: (b)(2) (b)(2)(B) (b)(3)(C) (b)(3)(D) (b)(5) (c) (c)(1) (d)(2)(C) (d)(3)(A)(i) (d)(3)(B) (d)(3)(B)(i) (e)(3)(B)(v) (e)(3)(C) (e)(3)(D) (e)(3)(E) (e)(4) (f)(4) (f)(5)(B)(ii) (f)(5)(B)(iii) (f)(5)(C) (g)(2)(C) (g)(3)(B) (h)(2)(B) (i)(1) (i)(1)(E)(iii) (i)(7)(A) (i)(7)(B) (i)(7)(D) (j)(9)(E)
- Amended by Pub. L. 99–514Parts changed in 1986: (b)(2)(A) (b)(2)(B) (b)(3)(A) (b)(4)(B) (f)(2)(B) (f)(10)(A) (f)(10)(B) (f)(12)(B)(ii) (f)(12)(C) (f)(14) (j)(2)(B)(ii) (j)(3)(D) (j)(4)(E)(i) (j)(4)(E)(ii) (j)(4)(E)(iv) (j)(5)(C)(iv) (j)(8) (j)(9)(B)(i) (j)(9)(D) (j)(9)(E) (j)(9)(F) (j)(9)(G)
- Amended by Pub. L. 99–121Parts changed in 1985: (b)(2) (b)(2)(A)(i) (b)(3)(A) (b)(3)(B)(ii) (c)(2)(D) (d)(2)(B) (f)(1)(B)(ii) (f)(1)(B)(iii) (f)(2) (f)(12)(B)(ii) (j)
- Amended by Pub. L. 98–369Parts changed in 1984: (b)(2) (b)(2)(A) (b)(2)(A)(i) (b)(2)(A)(ii) (b)(2)(B) (b)(3)(A) (b)(3)(B)(ii) (b)(3)(B)(iii) (b)(4) (c)(2)(D) (c)(2)(F) (d)(2)(B) (e) (e)(5) (f)(1)(B) (f)(2)(B) (f)(2)(C)(i) (f)(2)(C)(ii)(II) (f)(8)(B)(ii)(I) (f)(12)(C) (f)(12)(D) (f)(13) (f)(14) (g)(2) (i)(1)(D)(i) (i)(1)(D)(iii) (i)(4)(A) (j)
- Amended by Pub. L. 97–448Parts changed in 1983: (b)(2)(A) (c)(2)(F) (d)(2)(B) (e)(3)(C) (e)(4)(D) (e)(4)(H) (f)(4)(B) (f)(5) (f)(8)(D) (f)(13) (g)(8)(A) (g)(8)(B) (h)(4)
- Amended by Pub. L. 97–424
- Amended by Pub. L. 97–354Parts changed in 1982: (b)(1) (e)(4) (f)(8) (f)(8)(A) (f)(8)(B)(i)(I) (f)(8)(B)(iii) (f)(8)(C)(i) (f)(8)(D) (f)(8)(H) (f)(10)(B)(i) (f)(12) (i) (j)
- Amended by Pub. L. 97–248
- Added by Pub. L. 97–34
Where it sits in the Code
- Subtitle A Income Taxes
- Chapter 1 NORMAL TAXES AND SURTAXES
- Subchapter B Computation of Taxable Income
- Part VI ITEMIZED DEDUCTIONS FOR INDIVIDUALS AND CORPORATIONS
Nearby sections
Official notes
The Law Revision Counsel's notes for this section (amendments, effective dates and related laws) are long, so they have their own page.