§ 2523. Gift to spouse

Inflation Adjusted Items for Certain Years

For inflation adjustment of certain items in this section, see Revenue Procedures listed in a table under section 1 of this title.

Editorial Notes

References in Text

Sections 2515 and 2515A, referred to in subsec. (i)(3), were repealed by Pub. L. 97–34, title IV, § 403(c)(3)(B), Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 302.

Amendments

2018—Subsec. (g)(1). Pub. L. 115–141, § 401(a)(205), substituted “beneficiary who is not a charitable beneficiary” for “noncharitable beneficiary”.

Subsec. (g)(2). Pub. L. 115–141, § 401(a)(206), substituted “term ‘charitable beneficiary’ ” for “term ‘noncharitable beneficiary’ ”.

1997—Subsec. (g)(1). Pub. L. 105–34 substituted “qualified charitable remainder trust” for “qualified remainder trust”.

1992—Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 102–486, § 1941(b)(1), in closing provisions, inserted at end “For purposes of this subsection, the term ‘specific portion’ only includes a portion determined on a fractional or percentage basis.”

Subsec. (f)(3). Pub. L. 102–486, § 1941(b)(2), inserted before period at end “and the rules of section 2056(b)(10) shall apply”.

1990—Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 101–508 inserted at end “This subsection shall not apply to any transfer resulting from the acquisition of rights under a joint and survivor annuity described in subsection (f)(6).”

1989—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 101–239, § 7815(d)(2), struck out “who is a citizen or resident” after “Where a donor”.

Subsec. (i)(2). Pub. L. 101–239, § 7815(d)(1)(A), substituted “which are made by the donor to such spouse and with respect to which a deduction would be allowable under this section but for paragraph (1)” for “made by the donor to such spouse”.

1988—Subsec. (f)(6). Pub. L. 100–647, § 6152(b), added par. (6).

Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 100–647, § 5033(b), added subsec. (i).

1986—Subsec. (f)(4)(A). Pub. L. 99–514 amended subpar. (A) generally. Prior to amendment, subpar. (A) read as follows: “An election under this subsection with respect to any property shall be made on or before the first April 15th after the calendar year in which the interest was transferred and shall be made in such manner as the Secretary shall by regulations prescribe.”

1983—Subsec. (f)(3). Pub. L. 97–448, § 104(a)(6), substituted “rules similar to the rules of clauses (ii)” for “the rules of clauses (ii)”.

Subsec. (f)(4). Pub. L. 97–448, § 104(a)(4), divided existing provisions into subpars. (A) and (B), in subpar. (A) as so designated substituted “shall be made on or before the first April 15th after the calendar year in which the interest was transferred and shall be made in such manner as the Secretary shall by regulations prescribe” for “shall be made on the return of the tax imposed by section 2501 for the calendar year in which the interest was transferred”, and in subpar. (B) as so designated substituted “An election under this subsection” for “Such an election”.

Subsec. (f)(5). Pub. L. 97–448, § 104(a)(5), added par. (5).

Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 97–448, § 104(a)(2)(B), added subsec. (h).

1981—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 97–34, § 403(b)(1), struck out “(1) In general” designation for existing text and struck out par. (2) which declared that the aggregate of the allowed deductions for any calendar quarter should not exceed the sum of $100,000 reduced, but not below zero, by the aggregate of the allowed deductions for preceding calendar quarters beginning after Dec. 31, 1976, plus 50 percent of the lesser of the amount of the allowed deductions for such calendar quarter, determined without regard to par. (2), or the amount, if any, by which the aggregate determined under cl. (i) of par. (2) for the calendar quarter and for each preceding calendar quarter beginning after Dec. 31, 1976, exceeds $200,000.

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 97–34, § 403(b)(2), (d)(2), substituted provision relating to election with respect to life estate for donee spouse for provision relating to community property.

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 97–34, § 403(d)(2), added subsec. (g).

1976—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 94–455 designated existing provisions as par. (1), struck out “one-half of” after “interest equal to”, and added par. (2) relating to limitations on aggregate amount of deductions.

Subsec. (f)(1). Pub. L. 94–455, § 1902(a)(12)(E), struck out “Territory” after “any State”.

1970—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 91–614 substituted “quarter” for “year” in two places.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1992 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 102–486 applicable to gifts made after Oct. 24, 1992, see section 1941(c)(2) of Pub. L. 102–486, set out as a note under section 2056 of this title.

Effective Date of 1990 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 101–508 effective as if included in the provision of the Technical and Miscellaneous Revenue Act of 1988, Pub. L. 100–647, to which such amendment relates, see section 11702(j) of Pub. L. 101–508, set out as a note under section 59 of this title.

Effective Date of 1989 Amendment

Pub. L. 101–239, title VII, § 7815(d)(1)(B), Dec. 19, 1989, 103 Stat. 2415, provided that: “The amendment made by subparagraph (A) [amending this section] shall apply with respect to gifts made after June 29, 1989.”

Amendment by section 7815(d)(2) of Pub. L. 101–239 effective, except as otherwise provided, as if included in the provision of the Technical and Miscellaneous Revenue Act of 1988, Pub. L. 100–647, to which such amendment relates, see section 7817 of Pub. L. 101–239, set out as a note under section 1 of this title.

Effective Date of 1988 Amendment

Pub. L. 100–647, title V, § 5033(d)(2), Nov. 10, 1988, 102 Stat. 3673, provided that: “The amendments made by subsection (b) [amending this section] shall apply to gifts on or after July 14, 1988.”

Amendment by section 6152(b) of Pub. L. 100–647 applicable to transfers after Dec. 31, 1981, and, in the case of any estate or gift tax return filed before Nov. 10, 1988, such amendment inapplicable to the extent it would be inconsistent with the treatment of the annuity on such return unless executor or donor otherwise elects before the day 2 years after Nov. 10, 1988, the time for making such an election not to expire before such date, see section 6152(c), of Pub. L. 100–647, set out as a note under section 2056 of this title.

Effective Date of 1986 Amendment

Pub. L. 99–514, title XVIII, § 1879(n)(2), Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2910, provided that: “The amendment made by paragraph (1) [amending this section] shall apply to transfers made after December 31, 1985.”

Effective Date of 1983 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 97–448 effective, except as otherwise provided, as if it had been included in the provision of the Economic Recovery Tax Act of 1981, Pub. L. 97–34, to which such amendment relates, see section 109 of Pub. L. 97–448, set out as a note under section 1 of this title.

Effective Date of 1981 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 97–34 applicable to gifts made after Dec. 31, 1981, see section 403(e)(2) of Pub. L. 97–34, set out as a note under section 2056 of this title.

Effective Date of 1976 Amendment

Pub. L. 94–455, title XX, § 2002(d)(2), Oct. 4, 1976, 90 Stat. 1856, provided that: “The amendment made by subsection (b) [amending this section] shall apply to gifts made after December 31, 1976.”

Effective Date of 1970 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 91–614 applicable with respect to gifts made after Dec. 31, 1970, see section 102(e) of Pub. L. 91–614, set out as a note under section 2501 of this title.

Application of Amendments by Section 5033 of Pub. L. 100–647 to Estates of, or Gifts by, Noncitizen and Nonresident Individuals

For provisions directing that in the case of the estate of, or gift by, an individual who was not a citizen or resident of the United States but was a resident of a foreign country with which the United States has a tax treaty with respect to estate, inheritance, or gift taxes, the amendments made by section 5033 of Pub. L. 100–647 shall not apply to the extent such amendments would be inconsistent with the provisions of such treaty relating to estate, inheritance, or gift tax marital deductions, but that in the case of the estate of an individual dying before the date 3 years after Dec. 19, 1989, or a gift by an individual before the date 3 years after Dec. 19, 1989, the requirement of the preceding provision that the individual not be a citizen or resident of the United States shall not apply, see section 7815(d)(14) of Pub. L. 101–239, set out as a note under section 2056 of this title.

Plan Amendments Not Required Until January 1, 1989

For provisions directing that if any amendments made by subtitle A or subtitle C of title XI [§§ 1101–1147 and 1171–1177] or title XVIII [§§ 1800–1899A] of Pub. L. 99–514 require an amendment to any plan, such plan amendment shall not be required to be made before the first plan year beginning on or after Jan. 1, 1989, see section 1140 of Pub. L. 99–514, as amended, set out as a note under section 401 of this title.

Special Rule for Certain Transfers in October 1984

Pub. L. 99–514, title XVIII, § 1879(n)(3), Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2910, provided that:

“An election under section 2523(f) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1954 [now 1986] with respect to an interest in property which—

“(A) was transferred during October 1984, and

“(B) was transferred pursuant to a trust instrument stating that the grantor’s intention was that the property of the trust would constitute qualified terminable interest property as to which a Federal gift tax marital deduction would be allowed upon the grantor’s election,

shall be made on the return of tax imposed by section 2501 of such Code for the calendar year 1984 which is filed on or before the due date of such return or, if a timely return is not filed, on the first such return filed after the due date of such return and before December 31, 1986.”